Causes of Hypertension

• Primary Hypertension: This type has no specific cause and tends to develop gradually over many years. It’s the most common form.
• Secondary Hypertension: This type is caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney disease, sleep apnea, or hormone disorders.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing hypertension, including:

• Age: The risk increases as you get older.
• Family history: A family history of hypertension increases your risk.
• Obesity: Being overweight can raise blood pressure.
• Physical inactivity: A lack of exercise contributes to high blood pressure.
• Diet: A diet high in salt, fat, and alcohol can increase your risk.
• Stress: Chronic stress may contribute to high blood pressure.
• Smoking: Tobacco use can raise blood pressure temporarily and damage blood vessels over time.

Symptoms

Hypertension is often called the “silent killer” because it typically has no noticeable symptoms. Many people with hypertension may not realize they have it unless they get checked regularly. In some cases, symptoms like headaches, shortness of breath, or nosebleeds might occur, but these are not common.

Diagnosis

Blood pressure is measured using a device called a sphygmomanometer. A normal reading is usually around 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed if readings consistently exceed 130/80 mmHg.

Treatment

• Lifestyle Changes:
  • Eating a healthy diet (low in salt and rich in fruits and vegetables).
  • Regular physical activity.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight.
  • Limiting alcohol and avoiding smoking.
  • Reducing stress.
• Medications: Common types include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers, among others.
• Monitoring: Regular blood pressure checks are important to keep hypertension under control.